Environmental Monitoring Instruments
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| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SR |
| Pricing | Available Upon Request |
| Detection Method | DL Colorimetric Method |
| Detection Time | 3 minutes |
| Lower Detection Limit | 0.1 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.0–10.0 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Reagent Format | Single-use dedicated reagent kit |
| Sample Types | Distilled water, drinking water, domestic water, aquaculture water, seawater, surface water, wastewater |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SV |
| Pricing | Available Upon Request |
| Detection Limit | 0.02 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Compliance | GB/T 5750.5–2006 |
| Analysis Time | ≤10 minutes per sample |
| Reagent Format | Single-use, pre-packaged test kits |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SX3 |
| Instrument Type | Portable/Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Measured Parameter | Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N) |
| Detection Limit | 0.001 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.000–0.100 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Compliance | GB/T 5750.5–2006 |
| Display | LCD with Microcontroller Control |
| Design | Compact, Lightweight, Field-Deployable |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Origin Category | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-101SZ2 |
| Pricing | Available Upon Request |
| Detection Limit | 0.5 NTU |
| Measurement Range | 0.0–60.0 NTU |
| Accuracy | ±5% of reading |
| Compliance | GB/T 5750.4–2006 |
| Analysis Time | ≤3 minutes per sample |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-102SL |
| Pricing | Upon Request |
| Detection Limit | 20.0 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.0–500.0 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Instrument Type | Portable Volatile Phenol Analyzer |
| Model | GDYS-103SK |
| Detection Limit | 0.1 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.0–5.0 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Analysis Time | ≤10 minutes |
| Reagent Format | Single-use, pre-packaged test kit |
| Compliance | Designed for field-deployable water quality screening per standard colorimetric phenol detection protocols |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Model | GDYS-201M (65 Parameters) |
| Instrument Type | Portable / Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Detection Capabilities | 65 Quantitative Parameters Including Free Chlorine, Fluoride, Iron, Chloride, etc. |
| Measurement Time | 5–30 Minutes per Parameter |
| Display | Large Backlit LCD with Chinese Interface |
| Control System | Embedded Microcontroller with Interactive GUI |
| Data Functions | Real-time Measurement, Parameter Configuration, Onboard Storage, Statistical Analysis, USB Export |
| Compliance | Designed to Align with GB/T Standards (China National Standards) for Environmental Water Testing |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Region of Origin | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-401M |
| Price Range | USD 4,200 – 7,000 |
| Instrument Type | Benchtop Laboratory Water Quality Analyzer |
| Target Analytes | Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N) |
| Wavelength Range | 200–1000 nm |
| Spectral Bandwidth | 2 nm |
| Wavelength Accuracy | ±1 nm |
| Wavelength Repeatability | 0.2 nm |
| Photometric Accuracy | ±0.5% T |
| Photometric Repeatability | 0.2% T |
| Baseline Stability | 0.002 A/h |
| Stray Light | ≤0.05% T |
| Data Interface | USB |
| Light Sources | Imported Deuterium Lamp & Tungsten Halogen Lamp |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ±10% |
| Operating Temperature | 0–50 °C |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Manufacturer |
| Origin Category | Domestic |
| Model | GDYS-601M |
| Price Range | USD 1,400–4,200 (est.) |
| Instrument Type | Portable/Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Measurable Parameters | Color, Turbidity, Metasilicic Acid, Iodide, etc. |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED |
| Wavelengths | 380 / 410 / 430 / 520 / 538 / 595 / 630 nm |
| Photometric Range | 0.000–2.000 Abs |
| Optical Stability | ±0.005 Abs/h |
| Detector | Integrated Photodiode Sensor |
| Sample Cell | 30 mm cylindrical glass cuvette and 50 mm rectangular glass cuvette |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ±10%, 50 Hz ±1 Hz |
| Rechargeable Li-ion Battery | 7.4 V, 900 mAh |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Display | 4.7-inch TFT LCD with Chinese UI |
| Data Interface | USB 2.0 & RS232 |
| Compliance | Designed for field-deployable compliance with GB/T 5750 (China’s Standard Methods for Drinking Water), ISO 7027 (turbidity), ISO 9297 (iodide), and ASTM D1208 (color) |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-601SB |
| Instrument Type | Portable/HANDHELD Water Quality Analyzer |
| Detection Parameters | Chlorine Dioxide, Free Chlorine, Total Chlorine, Chlorite, Ozone, Formaldehyde |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED |
| Wavelengths | 520 nm, 538 nm |
| LOD | Free Cl₂: 0.01 mg/L |
| Total Cl₂ | 0.01 mg/L |
| ClO₂ | 0.02 mg/L |
| ClO₂⁻ | 0.05 mg/L |
| O₃ | 0.05 mg/L |
| HCHO | 0.05 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | Free Cl₂ & Total Cl₂: 0.00–2.50 mg/L |
| ClO₂ | 0.00–3.00 mg/L |
| ClO₂⁻ & O₃ | 0.00–2.00 mg/L & 0.00–2.50 mg/L respectively |
| HCHO | 0.00–1.50 mg/L |
| Operating Temperature | 15–40 °C |
| Power Supply | DC 9 V (9V alkaline battery) |
| Dimensions | 170 × 90 × 35 mm |
| Weight | 300 g |
| Cuvette | Dedicated 30-mm disposable reaction/measurement cuvette |
| Calibration | Built-in calibration curves |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-800M |
| Instrument Type | Portable / Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Measurable Parameters | Free Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), Total Hardness, Color, Turbidity |
| Display | 12-inch Multi-Touch LCD |
| Connectivity | Ethernet, USB, Wi-Fi, 4G |
| Power Supply | AC/DC Dual Mode |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LEDs |
| Wavelengths | 380, 430, 470, 520, 538, 595, 630 nm |
| Photometric Stability | ±0.005 Abs/h |
| Detector | Integrated Photodiode Sensor |
| Sample Cell | Cylindrical Glass Cuvettes & Rectangular Glass Cuvettes |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Enclosure | IP65-Rated Waterproof & Shock-Resistant Carry Case |
| Built-in Thermal Printer | Yes |
| Compliance | Designed for ASTM D1253, ISO 7888, ISO 7027, ISO 8694, USP <643>, and GB/T 5750 series methods |
| Brand | Jiada Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Model | JCL-01 |
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Compliance | GB/T 18204.26–2000 |
| Detection Principle | Spectrophotometric Colorimetry (Phenol Reagent Method) |
| Lower Detection Limit | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| Measurement Range | 0.0–1.0 mg/m³ |
| Accuracy | ±10% |
| Analysis Time | ~2 hours per sample |
| Format | Single-use reagent kit with visual colorimetric readout using standardized chromatic scale card |
| Brand | JiDa Little Swan |
|---|---|
| Origin | Shanghai, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-501M |
| Unit Weight | 1.7 kg |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ± 22 V, 50 Hz ± 1 Hz |
| Repeatability | ±5% |
| Measurement Accuracy | ±5% |
| Optical Range | 0.000–2.000 Abs |
| Wavelength Options | 380 / 430 / 470 / 520 / 538 / 595 / 630 nm (configurable per parameter selection) |
| Light Source | High-brightness LED (rated lifetime >100,000 h) |
| Detector | Integrated photodiode sensor |
| Sample Cell | 16-mm-diameter cylindrical glass cuvette and 5-cm rectangular glass cuvette |
| Display | 4.7-inch LCD with Chinese interface |
| Data Interface | USB + RS-232 (COM) |
| Battery | Built-in rechargeable Li-ion, 7.4 V / 900 mAh |
| Power Consumption | 5 W |
| Stability | ≤0.005 Abs/h |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYJ-501SP |
| Measurement Range | Formaldehyde: 0.0–125.0 mg/kg |
| Hexavalent Chromium | 0.0–50.0 mg/kg |
| Wavelengths | 412 nm (formaldehyde), 540 nm (Cr(VI)) |
| Detection Limits | Formaldehyde: 2.0 mg/kg |
| Cr(VI) | 0.5 mg/kg |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Operating Temperature | 10–40 °C |
| Power | 5 W |
| Input Voltage | AC 220 V ±10%, 50 Hz ±1 Hz |
| Display | 5″ color TFT touchscreen + 2.9″ e-ink customizable standby screen |
| Data Storage | ≥10,000 test records with conditional search |
| Connectivity | USB 2.0, RS232, Bluetooth (for wireless thermal printer) |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYK-160L / GDYK-160H |
| Instrument Type | Single-Channel Passive Air Sampler |
| Flow Range | GDYK-160L: 0–0.5 L/min |
| GDYK-160H | 0–1.0 L/min |
| Flow Stability | ≤5% |
| Flow Accuracy | ±3% |
| Operating Temperature | 10–40 °C |
| Continuous Operation Time | >8 h |
| Timer Accuracy | <0.1% |
| Display | High-Density Dot-Matrix LCD (Low-Power, Sunlight-Readable) |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYK-90 |
| Instrument Type | Conventional Dual-Channel Gas Sampler |
| Flow Range | 0.1–1.5 L/min |
| Flow Stability | ≤5% |
| Flowmeter Accuracy | ±5% |
| Flow Repeatability | ≤2% |
| Timing Accuracy | ±0.2% |
| Temperature Display Accuracy | ±2 °C |
| Sampling Volume Range | 1–50 L |
| Sampling Delay Range | 0–999 min (1 s resolution) |
| Display | High-Density Dot-Matrix LCD with Adjustable Backlight |
| Battery | 9600 mAh Li-ion, ≥8 h continuous dual-channel operation |
| Auto-Power-Off Timeout | Configurable |
| Refresh Interval | 1 s |
| Standard Volume Calculation | Automatic post-sampling conversion |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Origin Category | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-101SE2 |
| Instrument Type | Portable |
| Measurement Principle | DPD-based Spectrophotometry |
| Measured Parameter | Chlorine Dioxide (ClO₂) |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–3.00 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ≤5% |
| Repeatability | ±0.01 mg/L |
| Resolution | 0.01 mg/L |
| Limit of Detection (LOD) | 0.02 mg/L |
| Light Source | 520 nm LED |
| Photometric Stability | ±0.005 Abs / 20 min |
| Measurement Time | 1 minute |
| Operating Temperature | 15–40 °C |
| Power Supply | DC 9 V (battery-powered) |
| Dimensions | 170 × 90 × 35 mm |
| Weight | 300 g |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYS-201MC |
| Instrument Type | Portable/HANDHELD Water Quality Analyzer |
| Detection Parameters | Free Chlorine, Total Chlorine, Ozone, Turbidity, Fluoride, Nitrite Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen, Dissolved Oxygen |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED |
| Optical Stability | 0.005 Abs/h |
| Sample Cell | Cylindrical Glass Cuvette & Standard Glass Cuvette |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ± 22 V, 50 Hz ± 1 Hz |
| Rechargeable Battery | 7.4 V / 1800 mAh |
| Operating Temperature | 5 °C to 40 °C |
| Connectivity | USB, RS232, Bluetooth (for wireless printing) |
| Brand | JiDa Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYS-900M |
| Instrument Type | Portable/HANDHELD Water & Air Quality Analyzer |
| Detection Parameters | Residual Chlorine, Total Chlorine, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, Ammonia Nitrogen, Sulfide (Water) |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED |
| Wavelengths | 380, 430, 470, 520, 538, 595, 630 nm |
| Photometric Stability | ≤0.005 Abs/h |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Detector | Integrated Photodiode Sensor |
| Sample Cell | Cylindrical Glass Cuvettes & Standard Glass Cuvettes |
| Power Supply | AC/DC Dual Mode |
| Data Storage | 32 GB internal flash memory |
| Connectivity | USB 2.0, RJ45 Ethernet, Built-in Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n) |
| Display | Color TFT Touchscreen |
| OS | Windows Embedded Standard 7 |
| Onboard Software | Preloaded calibration curves, sample metadata entry (sample ID, analyte, operator, lab name), audit-ready data logging |
| Printing | Integrated thermal printer + external printer support via USB/Ethernet/Wi-Fi |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Product Origin | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYK-160 |
| Instrument Type | Conventional Gas Sampler |
| Configuration | Single-Channel Gas Sampler |
| Flow Range | 0.5 L/min |
| Flow Stability | ≤5% |
| Flowmeter Accuracy | ≤±5% |
| Temperature & Pressure Measurement | Integrated High-Precision Sensors |
| Operating Temperature | -10–45 °C |
| Continuous Operation Time | ≥8 h |
| Flow Error | ≤±3% |
| Timing Accuracy | <0.1% |
| Pump Design | Custom Rubber Diaphragm with Dual-Ball-Bearing Motor |
| Acoustic Noise Reduction | Engineered Passive Damping System |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Manufacturer |
| Region of Origin | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYK-202S |
| Detection Principle | Colorimetric Method (MBTH-based spectrophotometry) |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/m³ (at 10 L sampling volume) |
| Sampling Method | Pump-aspiration |
| Light Source | High-brightness LED |
| Wavelength | 630 nm |
| Detection Limit | 0.01 mg/m³ (at 10 L sampling volume) |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Power Supply | 9 V rechargeable lithium battery |
| Compliance | GB/T 18204.2–2014 |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SF |
| Instrument Type | Portable/Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Analyte | Fluoride |
| Detection Limit | 0.01 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Analysis Time | ≤30 minutes |
| Method Compliance | GB/T 5750.5–2006 |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SG |
| Instrument Type | Portable/Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Target Analyte | Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) |
| Detection Limit | 0.01 mg/L |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% |
| Method Compliance | GB/T 5750.6–2006 |
| Analysis Time | ≤3 minutes per sample |
| Reagent Format | Single-use, pre-packaged test kit |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Product Origin | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-101SL |
| Measurement Parameter | Total Phosphorus |
| Instrument Type | Portable |
| Measurement Principle | Colorimetric Method (Standardized Molybdenum Blue Reaction per GB 11906–1989) |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% of reading |
| Detection Limit | 0.02 mg/L |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotian'e |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Model | GDYS-MW400 |
| Instrument Type | Portable / Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Detection Parameters | Total Phosphorus, Ammonia Nitrogen, Total Nitrogen, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (High-Range & Low-Range) |
| Wavelengths | 380 / 430 / 470 / 520 / 538 / 595 / 630 nm |
| Photometric Stability | ±0.005 Abs/h |
| Detector | Integrated Photodiode Sensor |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED (100,000 h lifetime) |
| Sample Cells | 19 mm cylindrical glass cuvettes & 50 mm rectangular glass cuvettes |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ±10 %, 50 Hz ±1 Hz / Rechargeable Li-ion battery (8.4 V, 1800 mAh) |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Dimensions | 310 × 225 × 125 mm |
| Weight | 1.7 kg |
| Data Interfaces | USB 2.0, RS-232 |
| Connectivity | Bluetooth (for printer pairing), PC software for Excel export and report generation |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYK-200M |
| Measurement Principle | Colorimetric Method (Phenol Reagent & AHMT Methods) |
| Measurement Range | 0.00–1.00 mg/m³ |
| Sampling Method | Pump-Aspiration |
| Compliance | GB 50325-2020 (Standard for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control in Civil Building Engineering) |
| Calibration Capability | User-Defined Calibration Curve Generation |
| Interface | Local Display + PC Connectivity |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | GDYS-101SN |
| Instrument Type | Portable |
| Measurement Principle | DPD Colorimetric Spectrophotometry |
| Measured Parameters | Residual Chlorine, Total Chlorine |
| Range | Residual Chlorine: 0.00–9.99 mg/L |
| Total Chlorine | 0.00–9.99 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±5% of reading |
| Detection Limit | Residual Chlorine: 0.10 mg/L |
| Total Chlorine | 0.05 mg/L |
| Compliance Standard | GB/T 5750.11–2006 |
| Analysis Time | ≤3 minutes per sample |
| Reagent Format | Single-use, pre-packaged DPD reagent kits |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotianshe |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Direct Manufacturer |
| Origin Category | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-201M |
| Price Range | USD 280 – 1,400 |
| Instrument Type | Portable / Handheld Water Quality Analyzer |
| Measurable Parameters | Free Chlorine, Total Chlorine, Available Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite, Ozone, Formaldehyde, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid |
| Light Source | High-Brightness LED (380/430/470/520/538/595/630 nm selectable per configuration) |
| Optical Stability | ≤0.005 Abs/h |
| Detector | Integrated Photodiode Sensor |
| Sample Cell | Cylindrical Glass Cuvette & Standard Glass Cuvette (10 mm pathlength) |
| Display | 4.7-inch TFT LCD with Chinese UI |
| Power Supply | Rechargeable Li-ion Battery + AC Adapter |
| Interfaces | USB 2.0, RS-232 (COM) |
| Brand | JiDa-Xiaotianshen |
|---|---|
| Origin | Jilin, China |
| Manufacturer Type | OEM Manufacturer |
| Region of Manufacture | Domestic (China) |
| Model | GDYS-301M |
| Price Range | USD 1,400–4,200 |
| Instrument Type | Benchtop Water Quality Analyzer |
| Test Parameters | Free Chlorine, Total Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Nitrate Nitrogen, Ozone, Ammonia Nitrogen, and 35 Total Parameters |
| Brand | Jilin University & Little Swan |
|---|---|
| Model | GDYS-104SI |
| Origin | Shanghai, China |
| Instrument Type | Benchtop Photometric Analyzer for Bromate (BrO₃⁻) |
| Measurement Principle | LED-based Absorption Spectrophotometry at 528 nm |
| Detection Limit | 0.004 mg/L |
| Range | 0.000–0.040 mg/L |
| Accuracy | ±0.002 mg/L |
| Repeatability | ±0.002 mg/L |
| Response Time | <20 min per sample |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Power Supply | AC 220 V ±22 V, 50 Hz ±1 Hz |
| Dimensions | 470 × 280 × 180 mm |
| Weight | 3.8 kg |
| Sample Throughput | Up to 8 samples per batch with integrated pre-concentration and filtration |
| Optical Path | Extended-path cuvette design for enhanced sensitivity |
| Data Interfaces | USB 2.0 and RS-232 |
| Compliance | Designed for routine QC in bottled water production per GB 8537–2018 and aligned with ISO 10523:2022 (water quality — determination of pH) and AOAC Official Method 2015.01 (bromate in drinking water) |