Polishing and Grinding Machine
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| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | E-PREP 4™ |
| Platen Speeds | 150 / 300 / 600 rpm |
| PH-4i Sample Rotation Speeds | 50 / 100 / 150 rpm |
| Cycle Time Range | 30 s – 9 min (1 min increments) |
| Sample Force Range | 0–12 lb (0–60 N) in 1 lb (~5 N) increments |
| Motor | 0.5 HP DC (E-PREP 4™ base), 0.25 HP geared motor (PH-4i power head) |
| Construction | RIM-molded housing, anodized aluminum, stainless steel |
| Warranty | 2 years |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | ID-5x™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 203 × 635 × 228 mm |
| Weight | 13 kg |
| Power Supply | 100–240 V AC |
| Dispensing Channels | 5 |
| Reservoir Capacity | 500 mL per channel |
| Pulse Duration | 0.5–6.0 s (adjustable in 0.5 s increments) |
| Pulse Frequency | 1–10 pulses/min |
| Programmable Menus | Up to 25 |
| Display | 4-line backlit LCD |
| Enclosure | Corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant housing |
| Compliance | Designed and manufactured in the USA per ISO 9001-aligned production protocols |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | M-Prep 5™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 15" W × 26" D × 20" H (381 × 660 × 508 mm) |
| Number of Platen | 1 |
| Platen Diameter | 8" (203 mm) |
| Speed Range | 5–350 RPM (5 RPM increments) |
| Motor | 0.5 HP (370 W) DC, high-torque |
| Voltage | 100–240 V AC, 50/60 Hz |
| Weight | 66 lb (30 kg) |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Distributor Type | General Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model | 69-50000 Series |
| Price Range | USD $150–$7,500 (FOB) |
| Construction | Electroplated Aluminum |
| Cam-Lock Mechanism | Dual-Side Mountable |
| SEM-Compatible Accessories | Removable 3.1 mm Pin Mounts |
| Included Consumables | EpoxyBond 110™ Adhesive (2 oz), Hot-Mounting Wax, 18 mm² Glass Coverslips (160/pk), PTFE Feet (2/pk), Hex Wrench (3/32"), Rubber Spatula (2" × 3"), Micro-Cleaning Soap (2 oz), Storage Case |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MetPrep 1™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | 15" W × 26" D × 20" H (381 × 660 × 508 mm) |
| Number of Platen | 1 |
| Platen Diameter | 8" (203 mm) |
| Speed Range | 5–350 RPM (in 5 RPM increments) |
| Motor Power | 0.5 HP (375 W) |
| Platen Runout | < 5 µm |
| Control Interface | Touch-button digital panel |
| Coolant Delivery | Solenoid-actuated valve with manual flow control |
| Construction | Aluminum and steel frame |
| Rotation Direction | Bidirectional (CW/CCW) |
| Voltage | 100–240 V AC |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MetPrep 3x™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 381 × 686 × 584 mm |
| Grinding Platen Count | 1 |
| Motor Power | 375 W (½ HP) |
| Weight | 67 kg |
| Voltage | 100–240 V AC |
| Programmable Programs | 25 |
| Grinding Time Range | 0–120 min (15-sec increments) |
| Platen Speed | Adjustable in 10-RPM increments |
| Light-Push Speed | Adjustable in 10-RPM increments |
| Platen Rotation | Bidirectional (clockwise/counterclockwise) |
| PH-3™ Head Torque Motor | 190 W (¼ HP), 0–150 RPM (10-RPM steps) |
| Sample Capacity | Up to 6 specimens (with compatible PH-3™/PH-4™/PH-6™ heads) |
| Cooling | Electronically controlled valve-regulated system |
| Display | Backlit LCD with touch keypad interface |
| Safety | Interlocked corrosion- and impact-resistant shield, emergency stop switch |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MetPrep 4™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 610 × 711 × 610 mm |
| Motor Power | 0.5 hp (375 W) |
| Control | Microprocessor-based with 25 programmable protocols |
| Grinding Head Options | PH-4™ (up to 9 samples) or PH-6™ (up to 12 samples) |
| Force Application | Pneumatic-electronic, ring-load or point-load mode |
| Sample Rotation Speed | 0–150 rpm (10 rpm increments) |
| Platen Rotation | Bidirectional, variable speed |
| Timing Range | 0–120 min (15-sec resolution) |
| Safety | Interlocked corrosion-resistant shield, emergency stop, LED-backlit LCD interface |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MetPrep 4x™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 610 × 711 × 610 mm |
| Platen Count | 1 |
| Platen Size | 610 × 711 × 610 mm |
| Speed Range | 0–150 RPM (in 10-RPM increments) |
| Motor Power | 375 W (0.5 HP) |
| Programmable Methods | 25 |
| Time Range | 0–120 min (in 15-sec increments) |
| Compliance | Designed and manufactured in the USA per ASTM E3, ISO 14971, and GLP-aligned engineering practices |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MultiPrep™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 15" W × 26" D × 20" H (381 × 660 × 508 mm) |
| Platen Count | 1 |
| Platen Diameter | 8" (203 mm) |
| Speed Range | 5–350 RPM (5-RPM increments) |
| Z-Axis Resolution | 1 µm |
| Tilt & Swing Adjustment | ±10° / −2.5°, 0.02° increments |
| Sample Load Range | 0–600 g (100-g increments) |
| Motor | 0.5 HP (375 W), high-torque |
| Display | 7" LCD touchscreen with keypad input |
| Compliance | CE-marked |
| Warranty | 1 year |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | OptiPrep™ |
| Platen Speed | 5–350 RPM (5-RPM increments) |
| Z-Axis Resolution | 1 µm |
| Platen Dimensions | Not specified |
| Number of Platens | Not specified |
| Motor | 0.25 HP (190 W) DC with gear-reduced high-torque output |
| Oscillation Sweep | Adjustable, 6 speeds |
| Sample Rotation Modes | Full or limited automatic, 8 speeds |
| Fixture Interface | Tool-less cam-lock |
| Compliance | CE |
| Warranty | 2 years |
| Dimensions (W×D×H) | 381 × 660 × 508 mm |
| Weight | 43 kg |
| Shipping Dimensions | 838 × 787 × 381 mm |
| Shipping Weight | 57 kg |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Distributor Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model Variants | 69-42000 (with Low-Profile Micrometer), 69-42005 (with Non-Rotating Micrometer) |
| Kit Components | #15-1010 Cross-Section Flat Plate w/ 3.1 mm Removable SEM Pin, #15-1013 TEM/FIB Thinning Flat Plate (w/ Two Heat-Resistant Glass Inserts), #15-1017 Heating/Embedding Shaft, #69-40037 Delrin® Feet for #15-2218 Micrometer (Pk/3), #71-10040 Hot-Mounting Wax, #71-40045 Loctite 460T Sample Adhesive (20 g), #69-40050 Glass Leveling Shims (Pk/5), #71-10000 EpoxyBond 110™ Epoxy Adhesive (0.5 oz), Storage Case |
| Construction | Anodized Aluminum Frame |
| Mounting Flexibility | Dual-Side Cam-Lock Lever Installation |
| Ergonomics | Low-Profile Handle Compatible with Most SEM Viewing Configurations |
| Compatibility | Designed for TEM wedge polishing, FIB pre-thinning, and cross-sectional specimen preparation |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | TwinPrep 5™ |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 31" W × 26" D × 9.5" H (780 × 660 × 240 mm) |
| Weight | 136 lb (62 kg) |
| Disk Quantity | 2 independent disks |
| Disk Diameter Options | 8" (203 mm) or 10" (254 mm) |
| Speed Range | 10–500 RPM (adjustable in 10-RPM increments) |
| Motor | Dual 370-W high-torque DC motors |
| Voltage | 100–240 V AC, 50/60 Hz |
| Cooling | Independent, adjustable fluid delivery per disk |
| Construction | Corrosion-resistant aluminum and stainless steel frame |
| Compliance | Designed and manufactured in the USA per ISO 9001-aligned production standards |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | X-PREP® |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | 533 mm × 686 mm × 622 mm |
| Grinding/Polishing Disc Diameter | 305 mm (12") |
| Motorized Tilt Stage Resolution | 0.5 µm |
| Closed-Loop Z-Axis Positioning Resolution | 0.1 µm, Accuracy: ±1 µm |
| Closed-Loop X/Y-Axis Positioning Resolution | 1 µm |
| Z-Force Control Range | 0.5–10 N |
| Milling Region | 100 mm × 100 mm |
| Tool Collet | Universal 3 mm shank (tool length: 38 mm), compatible with tips from 0.25 mm to 12 mm diameter |
| Weight | 84 kg |
| Warranty | 2 years |
| Brand | Allied |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | X-PREP® VISION™ |
| Measurement Principle | Infrared Reflectance Interferometry (with optional visible-light spectrometry) |
| Thickness Range | 10 µm – 1 mm (standard) |
| Stage Travel | 100 mm × 100 mm (X/Y) |
| Auto-Focus Z-Axis | Motorized, <1 s acquisition time per point |
| Measurement Modes | Single-point or multipoint grid scan |
| Edge & Corner Detection | Automatic, with theta correction and X/Y-defined edge exclusion |
| Software Platform | Allied X-Correct™ (proprietary), .NET extensible |
| Data Export | Native Windows-compatible formats (CSV, BMP, TIFF, XML) |
| Camera Requirement | CCD camera (#15-50020) required unless #15-51000 Spectrometer is installed |
| Surface Roughness Tolerance | ≤15 µm Ra |
| Physical Dimensions | 355 mm (W) × 431 mm (D) × 483 mm (H) |
| Warranty | 12 months limited |
| Brand | BM |
|---|---|
| Origin | Shanghai, China |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Country of Origin | China |
| Model | BM-SP-1 |
| Speed Range | 0–3000 rpm |
| Polishing Plate Diameter | 40 mm |
| Number of Polishing Plates | 1 |
| Motor Power | 120 W |
| Input Voltage/Frequency | AC 220 V, 50 Hz |
| Weight | 3.5 kg |
| Pressure Control Range | 0.1–10 N |
| Cooling | Integrated Micro Water-Cooling System |
| Operating Modes | Handheld or Bench-Mounted |
| Brand | BRIGHT |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Model | Chiron 250D |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 725 × 900 × 360 mm |
| Number of Grinding/Polishing Plates | 2 |
| Plate Diameter | 254 mm |
| Speed Control | Stepless DC speed regulation from 100–1000 rpm (10 rpm increments) with selectable fixed speeds at 250 / 500 / 750 / 1000 rpm |
| Vertical Z-Axis Adjustment Resolution | 0.1 mm per step |
| Rotation Direction | Reversible (clockwise/counterclockwise) |
| Motor | Brushless DC, 220 V, 1.1 kW |
| Water Supply | 6 mm OD tubing, 40–100 psi pressure |
| Net Weight | 95 kg |
| Surface Plate Material | Precision-cast iron base |
| Control Interface | High-resolution LCD touchscreen |
| Safety Enclosure & Waste Tray | Integrated ABS molded housing |
| Quick-Change Platen | PTFE-coated mounting plate for residue-free abrasive or polishing cloth replacement |
| Brand | BRIGHT |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Model | Chiron 250DA |
| Disc Diameter | 254 mm |
| Disc Quantity | 2 |
| Speed Range (Main Disc) | 100–1000 rpm, infinitely variable |
| Speed Range (Grinding Head) | 20–120 rpm, infinitely variable |
| Sample Holders | 6 positions |
| Holder Sizes | Φ22 mm / Φ30 mm / Φ45 mm |
| Z-Axis Grinding Depth | 0.1 mm per step, adjustable from 0 to 5 mm |
| Pressure Modes | Single-point pneumatic (0–50 N) and central pneumatic (0–160 N) |
| Motor Type | Brushless DC motor (220 V, 1.1 kW) + Stepper motor for grinding head (26 V, 200 W) |
| Timer Range | 0–99 minutes |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 725 × 1200 × 760 mm |
| Net Weight | 134 kg |
| Compliance | CE, RoHS, ISO 15510 (Metallographic Sample Preparation), ASTM E3, ISO 643, EN 10365 |
| Brand | BRIGHT |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Model | Chiron 300D |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 725 × 900 × 360 mm |
| Number of Grinding/Polishing Plates | 2 |
| Plate Diameter | 300 mm |
| Speed Control | Stepless DC speed regulation from 100–1000 rpm (10 rpm increments) with optional fixed-speed modes at 250 / 500 / 750 / 1000 rpm |
| Vertical Feed Resolution | 0.1 mm per step |
| Rotation Direction | Reversible (clockwise/counterclockwise) |
| Motor | Brushless DC, 220 V, 1.1 kW |
| Water Supply | 6 mm OD tubing, 40–100 psi |
| Net Weight | 95 kg |
| Housing Material | Integrated ABS safety shroud and waste tray |
| Base Construction | Precision-cast iron chassis |
| Surface Treatment | PTFE-coated plate adapters for rapid consumable change |
| Brand | BRIGHT |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Model | Chiron 300DA |
| Disc Diameter | 300 mm |
| Number of Grinding/Polishing Discs | 2 |
| Speed Range (Disc) | 100–1000 rpm, infinitely variable |
| Speed Range (Head) | 20–120 rpm, infinitely variable |
| Z-Axis Depth Control | 0.1 mm incremental adjustment, max 0.1 mm per step |
| Motor Type (Disc Drive) | Brushless DC motor, 220 V, 1.1 kW |
| Motor Type (Head Drive) | Stepper motor, 26 V, 200 W |
| Specimen Capacity | 6 positions |
| Specimen Holder Sizes | Φ22 mm, Φ30 mm, Φ45 mm |
| Pressure Modes | Single-point pneumatic (0–50 N) and central pneumatic (0–160 N) |
| Timer Range | 0–99 min |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 725 × 1200 × 760 mm |
| Net Weight | 134 kg |
| Compliance | CE, RoHS, ISO 14001-compatible design |
| Enclosure Material | Molded ABS with integrated waste tray and safety shield |
| Control Interface | High-resolution LCD touchscreen with microcontroller-based architecture |
| Noise Level | <62 dB(A) at 1 m |
| Storage Capacity | ≥12 programmable grinding-polishing protocols |
| Brand | BROT |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | J0320 |
| Polishing Plate Diameter | 250 mm |
| Rotational Speed Range | 100–500 rpm |
| Motor | Single-phase, 600 W |
| Compatible Sample Sizes | 30×45 mm and 60×45 mm |
| Configuration Options | Single- or Dual-Station |
| Brand | French BROT-LAB |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | 10317-3 |
| Sample Capacity | 1–5 thin sections |
| Polishing Plate Diameter | 200 mm |
| Rotational Speed | 25–200 rpm |
| Timer Range | 1–60 min |
| Compatible Polishing Disc Sizes | Ø150–Ø250 mm |
| Standard Sample Dimensions | 30×45 mm, 45×60 mm, Ø25–Ø40 mm |
| Abrasive Granularity Options | 15 µm, 6 µm, 3 µm, 1 µm, 0.5 µm |
| Polishing Cloth Set | 50 pcs (Ø200 mm) |
| Brand | French BROT-LAB |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Origin Category | Imported |
| Model | J0312 |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 740 mm × 760 mm × 1300 mm |
| Grinding Plate Count | 1 |
| Grinding Plate Diameter | 200 mm |
| Grinding Plate Speed | 1950 rpm |
| Specimen Carrier Plate Speed | 15 rpm |
| Sample Capacity | 20 pcs (30 mm × 45 mm) |
| Sample Holder Options | 30 mm × 45 mm & 45 mm × 60 mm |
| Positioning Accuracy | ±0.01 mm |
| Diamond Blade | Ø200 mm, Cutting Width 6 mm |
| Power Supply | 220/380 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz |
| Motor Power | Main Drive 2 HP, Guard Shield 1/6 HP, Coolant Circulation 1/3 HP |
| Coolant Reservoir Capacity | 46 L |
| Net Weight | 190 kg |
| Brand | French BROT-LAB |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | J0316 |
| Sample Holder Capacity | 6 × 30×45 mm or 3 × 60×45 mm thin sections |
| Vacuum Chuck Type | Vertical |
| Max. Simultaneous Samples (Rock Thin Sections) | 6 end-face preparations |
| Abrasive Delivery | Motor-synchronized auto-drip SiC slurry system |
| Platen Speed | Adjustable |
| Thickness Control Mechanism | Micrometer-driven, resolution: 0.01 mm |
| Platen Surface Treatment | Proprietary long-life hardened coating (20-year warranty) |
| Primary Application | Precision lapping of geological thin sections to target thickness ≤30 µm from ~150 µm starting thickness |
| Surface Finish Objective | Planar, scratch-free surface suitable for optical microscopy and fluid inclusion analysis |
| Brand | French BROT-LAB |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | 1.03.13A |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 600 × 920 × 1320 mm |
| Grinding Disc Count | 1 |
| Disc Diameter | 150 mm |
| Rotational Speed | 2800 rpm |
| Thickness Control Resolution | 5 µm per scale division |
| Target Final Thickness | 30–45 µm |
| Power Supply | 3-phase, 220–380 V, 50 Hz, 1 kVA |
| Motor | 0.75 HP |
| Cooling Fluid Inlet/Outlet | Ø12 mm / Ø25 mm |
| Weight | 117 kg |
| Brand | French BROT-LAB |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model | 10323 |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 500×400×360 mm |
| Number of Grinding Plates | 1 |
| Grinding Plate Diameter | 150 mm |
| Rotational Speed | 2950 rpm |
| Power Supply | 380–400 V, 50/60 Hz |
| Motor Output | 0.5 HP with Sealed Bearings |
| Cooling Water Inlet/Outlet | Ø12 mm / Ø25 mm |
| Weight | 25 kg |
| Compliance | CE Marked (2020.11) |
| Brand | Buehler |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | AutoMet™ 250 |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | 78 cm × 74 cm × 104 cm |
| Platen Count | 1 |
| Platen Diameter | 203 mm (8 in) or 254 mm (10 in) |
| Platen Speed | 10–500 rpm, adjustable in 10 rpm increments |
| Motor Power (Base Unit) | 750 W (1 HP) |
| Platen Rotation | Clockwise or Counterclockwise |
| Water Supply | 6 mm OD tubing, 275–690 kPa (40–100 psi) |
| Air Supply (for AutoForce™ head) | 6 mm OD tubing, 240 kPa (35 psi) |
| Base Noise Level | 59.5 dB(A) at 100 rpm (measured at 0.5 m) |
| Weight | 77 kg (170 lbs) |
| Compliance | CE-marked per EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and EMC Directive 2014/30/EU |
| Brand | Buehler |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | AutoMet 250 |
| Motor Power (Base) | 750 W |
| Motor Power (Head) | 116 W |
| Platen Diameter | 203 mm (8 in) or 254 mm (10 in) |
| Platen Speed | 10–500 rpm (10 rpm increments) |
| Head Speed | 30–60 rpm (10 rpm increments) |
| Central Load Range | 20–260 N (5–60 lbf) |
| Single-Point Load Range | 5–45 N (1–10 lbf) |
| Sample Size Compatibility (Central Mode) | up to 40 mm diameter or irregular shapes |
| Water Supply | 6 mm OD tubing, 275–690 kPa (40–100 psi) |
| Compressed Air | 6 mm OD tubing, 240 kPa (35 psi) |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | 780 × 740 × 1040 mm |
| Weight | 77 kg (base), 32 kg (head) |
| Electrical Input | 100–240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single-phase |
| Noise Level | ≤61.5 dB(A) at 0.5 m (unloaded) |
| Compliance | CE-marked per EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU |
| Enclosure Rating (Touchscreen Panel) | IP65 / NEMA 4 |
| Brand | Buehler |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | AutoMet™ 300 Pro |
| Grinding Disc Diameter | 10 in (254 mm) or 12 in (305 mm) |
| Disc Speed | 50–400 rpm (10 rpm increments) |
| Motor Power (Base) | 2 HP (1500 W) |
| Motor Power (Head) | 0.75 HP (560 W) |
| Center Load Range | 10–120 lbf (40–535 N) |
| Single-Point Load Range | 1–20 lbf (5–90 N) |
| Touchscreen Display | 7-inch full-color LCD, NEMA 4 / IP65 rated |
| Water Supply | 0.25 in (6 mm) OD tubing, 40–100 psi (2.8–6.9 bar) |
| Compressed Air | 0.25 in (6 mm) OD tubing, 35 psi (2.4 bar) |
| Noise Level (Base only, 0.5 m, 100 rpm) | 51.5 dB(A) |
| Weight (Base + Head) | 219 lbs (99 kg) |
| Compliance | CE-marked per EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and EMC Directive 2014/30/EU |
| Brand | Buehler |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | EcoMet 30 Manual/Auto Grinder-Polisher |
| Grinding/Polishing Discs | 1 or 2 |
| Disc Diameter | 8 in (203 mm), 10 in (254 mm), 12 in (305 mm) |
| Speed Range | 50–500 rpm (infinitely variable for manual |
| Power Supply | 100–240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single-phase |
| Motor Power | 300 W (manual base), 440 W (auto base), 300 W (auto head) |
| Water Pressure | 40–116 psi (2.7–8 bar) |
| Center Load Force | 5–40 lbf (25–200 N) |
| Single-Point Load Force | 1–10 lbf (5–40 N) |
| Head Speed | 30–200 rpm (10 rpm increments) |
| Touchscreen | 7-inch full-color LCD (auto only) |
| Noise Level | ≤65 dB(A) at 500 rpm |
| Weight | 46 kg (single manual), 70 kg (dual manual), 75 kg (single auto), 105 kg (dual auto) |
| Compliance | CE |
| Brand | Buehler |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Model | MiniMet 1000 |
| Grinding/Polishing Plate Diameter | 75 mm |
| Dimensions (L×W×D) | 180 mm × 400 mm × 200 mm |
| Number of Grinding/Polishing Plates | 1 |
| Power Supply | 85–264 V, 50–60 Hz, Single Phase |
| Weight | 11 kg |
| Operating Noise Level | <65 dB(A) at 1 m (unloaded) |
| Consumable Compatibility | 73 mm (2.875 in) abrasive papers and polishing cloths |
| Optional Configurations | Manual-only or semi-automatic with dual motorized heads |