LAC LG 09/12 Loss-on-Ignition (LOI) Thermogravimetric Furnace

Overview

The LAC LG 09/12 Loss-on-Ignition (LOI) Thermogravimetric Furnace is a purpose-engineered laboratory system designed for precise, reproducible determination of mass loss under controlled thermal conditions. Unlike conventional muffle furnaces, the LG 09/12 integrates a high-precision analytical balance and dedicated thermogravimetric software into a single coordinated platform—enabling real-time, time- and temperature-resolved weight measurement during thermal treatment. Its operational principle follows standardized LOI methodology defined in ASTM D7348, ISO 1171, EN 15403, and USP <281>, where sample mass is continuously monitored while subjected to programmed heating profiles in ambient or inert atmospheres. The furnace employs silicon-molybdenum (MoSi₂) heating elements for stable, uniform temperature distribution across its ceramic-lined chamber, ensuring minimal thermal gradient and long-term calibration stability. With a maximum operating temperature of 1100 °C and ±1 °C control accuracy, it supports rigorous applications in cement analysis, soil mineralogy, biomass characterization, waste-derived fuel (RDF) quality assessment, and regulatory compliance testing for ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon.

Key Features

• Integrated thermogravimetric architecture: Synchronized furnace control and microgram-level mass acquisition via external analytical balance (not included but compatible with standard 0.1 mg resolution balances)
• Robust MoSi₂ heating elements with optimized thermal inertia, delivering consistent ramp rates up to 31 minutes to reach 1100 °C
• HT205 programmable controller with 30 user-defined profiles, each supporting up to 15 independent temperature/time segments and Ethernet (LAN) connectivity for remote monitoring and data logging
• Manually operated side-hinged door with integrated safety limit switch to interrupt power upon opening
• Dedicated exhaust port and optional chimney assembly (with fan and airflow diverter) for safe venting of combustion by-products
• B-type thermocouple (PtRh30–PtRh6) calibrated per IEC 60584-2, enabling traceable temperature measurement from 600 °C to 1700 °C
• Ceramic fiber insulation and double-walled stainless steel housing ensure low surface temperature (<60 °C at 1100 °C operation) and energy efficiency

Sample Compatibility & Compliance

The LG 09/12 accommodates a broad range of solid particulate and granular samples—including powdered soils, cement clinker, fly ash, sewage sludge, RDF pellets, shredded plastics, paper composites, and agricultural residues—within its 9.3 L internal volume (190 × 170 × 290 mm). Sample crucibles (alumina, platinum, or quartz) are placed directly on the balance pan inside the chamber, minimizing mechanical interference and thermal lag. The system complies with GLP and GMP documentation requirements when used with HTMonit software and HT200/HT205 controllers featuring audit-trail-enabled firmware. Optional inert gas inlet (N₂, Ar) with integrated flowmeter and pressure gauge allows execution of ASTM D3172-compliant volatile matter determinations under oxygen-free conditions. All electrical components meet CE, IEC 61000-6-3 (EMC), and IEC 61000-6-4 standards.

Software & Data Management

HTMonit software (sold separately) provides full thermogravimetric data acquisition, visualization, and reporting functionality. It synchronizes furnace temperature, elapsed time, and real-time mass readings into a single CSV- or Excel-compatible dataset, with automatic derivative (DTG) curve generation. Each test record includes operator ID, timestamp, program name, environmental conditions (if logged externally), and digital signatures for 21 CFR Part 11 compliance when paired with HT200 controller (USB + LAN) and validated certificate of installation. Data export supports automated integration into LIMS platforms via OPC UA or Modbus TCP protocols. Firmware updates and parameter backups are performed over LAN using secure HTTP authentication.

Applications

• Quantitative ash content determination in coal, biomass, and municipal solid waste according to ISO 1171 and ASTM D3174
• Thermal stability profiling of polymer composites and flame-retardant additives
• Calcination behavior analysis of catalyst precursors and metal oxides
• LOI-based correction of XRF and XRD quantitative mineralogical results in geological and environmental labs
• Validation of incineration efficiency in waste-to-energy R&D workflows
• Quality control of refractory raw materials and ceramic green bodies

FAQ

Is the analytical balance included with the LG 09/12 system?
No—the balance is not supplied as part of the standard configuration. The furnace is engineered for seamless integration with third-party analytical balances (e.g., Mettler Toledo XP series, Sartorius Entris II) via RS232 or USB interfaces.
Can the furnace operate under reducing or inert atmospheres?
Yes—optional protective atmosphere inlet kits (including needle valve, rotameter, and pressure gauge) enable controlled N₂, Ar, or forming gas purging. This requires HT200 controller upgrade for full gas flow programming support.
What maintenance is required for long-term accuracy?
Annual verification of thermocouple calibration and chamber temperature uniformity (per ASTM E220) is recommended. MoSi₂ elements typically exceed 3,000 hours of service life at 1100 °C when operated within specified thermal cycling limits.
Does the system support automated multi-step LOI protocols?
Yes—both HT205 and HT200 controllers allow nested hold-ramp sequences, including isothermal dwell periods, cooling ramps, and conditional step transitions based on real-time mass change thresholds.
Is remote operation possible over a local network?
Yes—LAN-enabled controllers permit web-based monitoring, parameter adjustment, and live data streaming via standard browsers without proprietary client software.