Plant Fluorescence Imaging System
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| Brand | PSI |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FKM |
| Price Range | USD 68,000 – 136,000 |
| Excitation Light Sources | IR, Red, Orange, Blue, Green, White, UV, Far-Red |
| Spectral Range (SM9000 Spectrometer) | 200–980 nm |
| Wavelength Accuracy | <0.5 nm |
| CCD Resolution | 1360 × 1024 pixels |
| Frame Rate | up to 20 fps at full resolution |
| A/D Depth | 16-bit (65,536 gray levels) |
| Temperature Control Range | 5–70 °C (±0.1 °C) |
| Objective Lenses | 10×, 20×, 40×, 63×, 100× fluorescence-grade |
| Filter Wheel | 6-position, configurable for Chl a, GFP/SYTOX, DAPI/CTC, etc. |
| Brand | PSI |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FL6000 |
| Time Resolution | 4 µs (standard), 1 µs (high-speed option) |
| Detection Limit | 1 µg Chl a/L |
| Excitation Wavelengths | 455 nm (blue), 617 nm & 630 nm (red/orange), optional 735 nm (far-red) |
| Measurement Chamber | 4 mL cuvette, 10×10 mm base |
| AD Converter | 500 kHz / 16-bit |
| Software | FluorWin v5.x |
| Compliance | ASTM E2912-22 (Fluorescence Instrumentation), ISO 10265:2021 (Photosynthetic Performance Testing), GLP-ready audit trail support |
| Brand | PSI (Photosynthesis Systems Instruments) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Closed-Box |
| Imaging Area | 13 × 13 cm |
| CCD Sensor | TOMI-2, 1360 × 1024 px, 16-bit A/D, 20 fps max |
| LED Excitation Sources | 4 high-stability LED panels (standard: 2 red-orange + 2 white) |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >50 quantitative parameters including Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Y(II), NPQ, qP, qL, Rfd, ETR, OJIP-derived indices (e.g., PIabs, Vj), QA-reoxidation kinetics, PAR absorption & NDVI (optional modules) |
| Software | FluorCam v8.x with protocol editor, time-stamped automated acquisition, GLP-compliant data logging, export to CSV/HDF5 |
| Compliance | Designed for ISO/IEC 17025-aligned plant phenotyping labs |
| Dimensions | 472 × 479 × 513 mm (W×D×H) |
| Weight | 35 kg |
| Power | 88–264 V AC, 240–300 W |
| Brand | PSI (Photosynthesis Systems Instruments) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Closed-System |
| Imaging Area | 13 × 13 cm |
| Sensor | TOMI-2 high-resolution CCD (1360 × 1024 px, 16-bit A/D, 20 fps max) |
| Light Sources | 4 LED panels (2 × red-orange, 2 × blue) |
| Filter Wheel | 7-position motorized, software-controlled with Chl *a* and GFP filter sets |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >50 chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, NPQ, qP, ETR, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Rfd, etc.), all exportable as spatially resolved false-color images |
| Optional Modules | OJIP fast kinetics imaging, QA⁻ reoxidation kinetics, PAR absorption & NDVI imaging, temperature-controlled sample stage (15–75 °C) |
| Software | FluorCam v8.x with protocol editor, time-stamped automated acquisition, GLP-compliant data logging, and multi-parameter image overlay |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam FC 00-C/1010GFP |
| Imaging Area | 13 × 13 cm uniform LED illumination |
| Camera Resolution | 1392 × 1040 pixels (optional: 640 × 480 or 512 × 512) |
| Temporal Resolution | up to 1 µs for fast fluorescence induction kinetics |
| Filter Wheel | motorized 8-position |
| Excitation Wavelengths | 384 nm (BFP), 395–397 nm (wtGFP), 488 nm (EGFP), customizable LED arrays |
| Emission Detection | configurable bandpass filters (e.g., 469/35 nm, 532/28 nm) |
| Software | FluorCam v7.x with automated dark adaptation, ROI-based kinetics, GLP-compliant audit trail, Excel export, barcode support |
| Compliance | Compatible with ASTM E2595-22 (fluorescence imaging standards), supports 21 CFR Part 11–compliant user access control and data integrity workflows |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Large-Scale Version |
| Imaging Area | 35 × 35 cm |
| CCD Resolution | 1360 × 1024 pixels |
| Frame Rate | up to 20 fps at full resolution |
| A/D Depth | 16-bit (65,536 gray levels) |
| Pixel Size | 6.45 µm × 6.45 µm |
| Adjustable Platform Height | 350–1350 mm |
| Excitation Sources | 620 nm red, dual-color (620 nm + cool white), optional blue/UV/IR LEDs |
| Filter Wheel | 7-position motorized |
| Standard Fluorescence Parameters | >50 chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (e.g., Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, NPQ, qP, Rfd) |
| Optional Modules | UV-induced multispectral fluorescence (F440, F520, F690, F740), GFP/YFP imaging, PAR absorption & NDVI imaging, IR thermography (640 × 512, -25 to +150 °C, 30 mK sensitivity) |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Mobile |
| Imaging Area | 35 × 35 cm |
| Adjustable Height Range | 20–150 cm |
| CCD Sensor | 2/3″, 1392 × 1040 pixels (15 fps), pixel size 6.45 µm |
| Excitation Sources | Orange, white & NIR LEDs (72 × 72 cm panel, 3 × 64 LEDs) |
| Actinic Lights | Dual-color, 350 & 550 µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Saturation Pulse | Up to 3500 µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >50 including F₀, Fₘ, Fᵥ/Fₘ, NPQ, QY, Rfd, qP, qN, ΦPSII, etc. |
| Data Acquisition | Time-stamped automated protocols, USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/s) |
| Power Supply | 380 V three-phase AC or optional DC generator unit |
| IP Rating | Optional waterproof housing for field use |
| Dimensions | 192 × 125 × 100 cm (H × W × D) |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Mobile |
| Imaging Sensor | 1392×1040 CCD, 20 fps, 6.45 µm pixel size |
| Excitation Sources | 4+1 configurable LED array (red, cool white, UV 320–400 nm), optional blue/green/cyan/FAR LEDs |
| Filter Wheel | 7-position motorized, with Chl-F, MCF, GFP/YFP, F440/F520/F690/F740 filters |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >60 quantitative metrics including Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, NPQ, QY, PARabs, Rfd, BGF, UV-Chl-F ratios |
| NDVI & PAR Absorption | Optional dual-wavelength (630/735 nm) LED module |
| Thermal Imaging (optional) | Uncooled VOx microbolometer, 640×512 pixels, 7.5–13.5 µm, -25 to 150 °C, sensitivity ≤30 mK @ 30 °C |
| RGB Imaging (optional) | 2592×1944 scientific-grade CMOS, 54 dB SNR, 1–40× zoom |
| Power Supply | 90–240 V AC |
| Compliance | CE-marked, ISO/IEC 17025-compatible data acquisition architecture, FDA 21 CFR Part 11-ready software audit trail (with optional configuration) |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Open-Field Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging System |
| Imaging Area | 13 × 13 cm (Standard), 20 × 20 cm (Large Format) |
| CCD Resolution | 1392 × 1040 pixels, Pixel Size: 6.45 µm |
| Excitation Wavelengths | UV (320–400 nm), Blue (450 nm), Red (618 nm), Far-Red (735 nm), Green (530 nm), Cyan (490 nm) |
| Emission Detection Bands | F440, F520, F690, F740, GFP (509 nm), YFP (527 nm), Chl-F, BGF, PARabs, NDVI |
| Actinic Light Intensity | Up to 3000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (configurable) |
| Saturation Flash | Up to 6000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Measurement Pulse Duration | 10–100 µs |
| Filter Wheel | 7-position motorized |
| Software | FluorCam v8.x with GLP-compliant audit trail, protocol editor, ROI-based quantification, dual averaging modes (signal-then-average / average-then-signal), time-stamped automated acquisition |
| Compliance | Designed for ISO/IEC 17025-aligned labs |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorCam Portable |
| Imaging Area | 40 mm × 40 mm |
| Sensor | TOMI-2 CCD, 1360 × 1024 pixels, 16-bit A/D, 20 fps @ full resolution |
| Excitation Light | 610–620 nm (measuring light), 5300 K white light (actinic & saturating light, up to 4500 µmol photons/m²·s), 710–740 nm far-red LEDs (for Fo′ determination) |
| Spectral Detection Range | 400–1000 nm |
| Weight | 2 kg |
| Dimensions | 194 × 182 × 280 mm |
| Power Supply | AC 100–240 V or optional field battery pack (≥10 h operation) |
| Operating Conditions | 5–40 °C, 0–90% RH (non-condensing) |
| Compliance | CE, RoHS, firmware-upgradable BIOS |
| Brand | PSI (Photosynthesis Systems Instruments, Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorPen FP110 |
| Measurement Principle | Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics |
| Light Source | 470 nm blue LED (wavelength-selectable option available) |
| Detection | PIN photodiode with 667–750 nm bandpass filter |
| Time Resolution | 10 µs (100,000 measurements/s) |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >50 including F₀, Fₘ, Fᵥ/Fₘ, ΦPSII, NPQ, qP, Rfd, PI_ABS, ABS/RC, TR₀/RC, ETo/RC, DI₀/RC, Mo, Area, Sm, OJIP-derived 26 parameters |
| Excitation Intensities | Measuring light (0.09–0.9 µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹), Actinic light (10–1000 µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹), Saturating pulse (up to 3000 µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹) |
| PAR Sensor (optional) | 400–700 nm, cosine-corrected, ±5% accuracy, output in µmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Sample Interface | Interchangeable leaf clips (FP110/S fixed, FP110/D split, FP110/P fiber-optic probe, FP110/X custom) |
| Data Storage | 16 MB flash memory (~149,000 data points) |
| Display | Graphical LCD, dual-button interface |
| Power | Rechargeable Li-ion battery, 48 h continuous operation, USB charging |
| Environmental Rating | 0–55 °C, 0–95% RH (non-condensing) |
| Connectivity | Integrated Bluetooth 4.0 + USB 2.0 + GPS module |
| Software | FluorPen 1.1 (Windows 7+), supports data download, kinetic curve visualization, Excel export, remote instrument control, and GLP-compliant audit trail generation |
| Brand | PSI (Photon Systems Instruments) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | FluorPen FP110 |
| Measurement Principle | Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Detection |
| Key Parameters | F₀, Fₘ, Fᵥ/Fₘ, ΦPSII, NPQ, QY_Ln/QY_Dn, OJIP kinetics (10 µs resolution), PAR (optional module) |
| Sample Interface | Interchangeable leaf clips (FP110/S, FP110/D, FP110/P, FP110/X) |
| Data Storage | Internal flash memory with timestamping |
| Connectivity | Bluetooth 4.2 + USB 2.0 + integrated GPS |
| Power | Rechargeable Li-ion battery (≥8 h continuous operation) |
| Weight | 188 g |
| Compliance | CE, RoHS, ISO/IEC 17025-compatible data acquisition architecture |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | MP100 |
| Measurement Principle | Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) Chlorophyll Fluorescence |
| OJIP Time Resolution | 10 µs (100,000 samples/s) |
| Fluorescence Parameters | >50 including F₀, Fₘ, Fᵥ/Fₘ, ΦPSII, NPQ, Rfd, PAR, PI_ABS, ABS/RC, Mo, Area, Sm |
| Light Sources | Adjustable blue LED (470 nm), optional multi-wavelength LEDs |
| Actinic Light Range | 0–1000 µmol(photon)·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Saturation Pulse Intensity | 0–3000 µmol(photon)·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Measuring Light Intensity | 0–0.09 µmol(photon)·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| PAR Sensor | Cosine-corrected, 400–700 nm, ±5% accuracy, output in µmol(photon)·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Memory Capacity | 16 MB, up to 100,000 timestamped measurements |
| Power Options | Rechargeable 12 Ah lead-acid battery (operating range +10 to +40 °C) or non-rechargeable 5.5 Ah Li-SOCl₂ battery (–40 to +60 °C) |
| Waterproof Rating | IP68 (MP100-E: terrestrial |
| MP100-A | submersible up to 2 m standard, customizable to 10 m) |
| Dimensions | 135 × 65 × 33 mm |
| Display | 2×8 character LCD |
| Interface | USB, optional GSM/GPRS or LoRaWAN for remote data transmission |
| Software | FluorPen v1.1 (Windows 7+) for data export (CSV, Excel), kinetic curve visualization, and parameter batch analysis |
| Compliance | Designed for GLP-aligned long-term field deployment |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | PlantScan |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Type | Automated Plant Phenotyping System with Chlorophyll Fluorescence, RGB 3D, Thermal, NIR, and Hyperspectral Imaging |
| Brand | PSI (Czech Republic) |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | PlantScreen Conveyor Edition |
| Compliance | CE-marked, ISO 9001-certified manufacturing |
| Application Domain | Automated plant phenotyping, non-invasive physiological & structural imaging |
| Imaging Modalities | Chlorophyll fluorescence, RGB 3D, thermal IR, NIR water status, VNIR/SWIR hyperspectral |
| Throughput Capacity | Up to 200+ plants per day (standard tray configuration) |
| Enclosure Dimensions | 150 × 150 × 220 cm (L×W×H), light-isolated |
| Data Management | MySQL-based relational database with audit-trail logging, GLP-compliant metadata tagging |
| Brand | PSI |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | PlantScreen Field |
| Key Features | Integrated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, NPQ, qP, qN, Rfd), RGB phenotyping (5 Mpx, leaf area, solidity, eccentricity, roundness, NDVI-equivalent greenness), thermal imaging (640×480 px, 7.5–13 µm, −20 to 120 °C), hyperspectral imaging (380–1000 nm, 675 bands), LiDAR 3D structural scanning, GPS-guided autonomous mobile platform (12 m arm span, 10 m swath, 2 cm positional accuracy), real-time data acquisition & cloud-enabled phenomics database (MySQL), daylight-adapted fluorometry with modulated 620 nm pulse light and 735 nm far-red actinic light, 720×560 px CCD (50 fps, 12-bit) or optional 1360×1024 px (20 fps, 16-bit), 35×35 cm standard imaging field (customizable to 80×80 cm) |
| Compliance | Designed for GLP-aligned field trials, supports ISO 22029 (plant phenotyping terminology), ASTM E2912 (spectral reflectance standards), and FAO/CGIAR phenotyping data interoperability guidelines |
| Brand | PSI |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | PlantScreen XYZ |
| Imaging Axes | X (0–101 cm, ±1 mm), Y (0–72 cm, ±1 mm), Z (0–49 cm, ±5 mm) |
| Max Payload (Z-axis) | 30 kg |
| Standard Footprint | 200 × 150 × 230 cm |
| Scan Area | 61 × 129 cm |
| Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging | 35 × 35 cm FOV, 1.3 MP sensor, 618 nm measuring light, white saturating flash up to 3600 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 735 nm IR source, 8-position filter wheel |
| RGB Imaging | 2592 × 1944 px (1/2.5″ sensor, 2.2 µm pixel size), timestamped & georeferenced (X/Y/Z) BMP output |
| NIR Imaging (optional) | 1450–1600 nm band, water absorption contrast |
| SWIR/VNIR Hyperspectral (optional) | 400–1000 nm or 1000–2500 nm, 150 × 100 cm FOV |
| Thermal Imaging (optional) | 640 × 480 px, 20–120 °C range, NETD < 50 mK @ 30 °C |
| Software | PSI FluorCam & PlantScreen Control Suite with protocol-driven automation, GLP-compliant metadata logging, audit trail, and export to CSV/HDF5 |
| Brand | PSI / Photon Systems Instruments |
|---|---|
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Model | LM510 |
| Spectral Range | 350–1000 nm |
| Optical Resolution | ~2.5 nm (FWHM) |
| Irradiance Accuracy | ±5% |
| PAR (400–700 nm) Quantification | μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Illuminance | lux (CIE photopic response) |
| Data Storage | Internal flash memory (≥10,000 spectra) |
| Power | Rechargeable Li-ion battery (≥8 h continuous operation) |
| Interface | Capacitive touchscreen + USB-C |
| Calibration | NIST-traceable factory calibration |
| GPS | Integrated |
| Cosine Corrector | Detachable, ISO/CIE-compliant f/2 input optic |
| Origin | Imported |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Model | mini-FIRe |
| Detection Limit | 0.005–100 mg/m³ chlorophyll *a* |
| Excitation Wavelengths | 450 nm (blue), 530 nm (green), 590 nm (orange) |
| Emission Detection | 680 nm (Chl *a*), 880 nm (bacteriochlorophyll *a*) |
| Sample Modes | Discrete cuvette + flow-through configuration |
| Sensitivity Enhancement | ~10× vs. prior FIRe systems |
| Origin | USA |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Origin Category | Imported |
| Model | TRU |
| Pricing | Available Upon Request |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Country of Origin | Germany |
| Model | 3D IMAGING-PAM |
| Fluorescence Excitation | 44 × 450 nm blue LEDs |
| Measuring Light Intensity | 0.5 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Actinic Light Range | 0–2300 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Saturation Pulse Intensity | 5000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Absorptance Measurement Sources | 16 × 660 nm red + 16 × 780 nm NIR LEDs |
| Imaging Area | 10 × 10 cm |
| Illumination Homogeneity | ±7% across field |
| Key Parameters | Ft, Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, F, Fm′, Y(II), Y(NO), Y(NPQ), NPQ, qN, qP, qL, ETR, Abs, NIR, Red, leaf count, leaf angle, rosette morphology, projected area, perimeter, structural complexity |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | DIVING-PAM-II |
| Housing | Fully Submersible (50 m Depth Rating) |
| Excitation Wavelengths | 470 nm (blue) and 655 nm (red) LEDs |
| Measuring Light Intensity | 0.05 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Actinic Light Max | 3000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (continuous) |
| Saturation Pulse Max | 6000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Far-Red LED Peak | 735 nm |
| Detector | PIN photodiode with long-pass/short-pass interference filters and lock-in amplifier |
| Data Storage | 8 MB SD card (≈27,000 measurement sets) |
| Battery Life | ≥1000 saturation pulses per charge |
| Measured Parameters | Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, F, Fm′, Y(II), qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), rETR, water depth, water temperature, PAR |
| Spectral Capability | In situ incident and reflected spectral irradiance (via integrated optical sensors) |
| Interface | Touch-sensitive, pressure-resistant membrane keypad |
| Display | High-contrast, sunlight-readable color LCD |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | DUAL-KLAS-NIR |
| Detection Wavelength Pairs | 780–820 nm, 820–870 nm, 840–965 nm, 870–965 nm |
| Fluorescence Excitation | 460 nm & 540 nm (modulated PAM) |
| Optional Modules | P515/535 (ΔpH & ΔΨ), NADPH/9-AA (NADP⁺ reduction), 3010-DUAL leaf chamber for GFS-3000 integration |
| Measurement Bandwidth | 1–400 kHz |
| Application | In vivo real-time redox kinetics of PSI (P700), plastocyanin (PC), ferredoxin (Fd), and Chl a fluorescence |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | DUAL-PAM-100 |
| Sample Types | Intact leaves, isolated chloroplasts/thylakoids, algal suspensions |
| Optional Modules | P515/535 (pmf, ΔpH, ΔΨ), NADPH/9-AA (NADP⁺ reduction, ΔpH), 3010-DUAL coupling chamber for GFS-3000 gas exchange integration |
| Compliance | Designed for GLP-aligned plant physiology research |
| Origin | Germany |
|---|---|
| Distribution Model | Authorized Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model | DUAL-PAM/F |
| Pricing | Upon Request |
| Origin | Germany |
|---|---|
| Type | Imported Instrument |
| Manufacturer Role | Authorized Distributor |
| Model | GFS-3000 + Dual-PAM-100 with 3010-DUAL Chamber |
| Pricing | Upon Request |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | HEXAGON-IMAGING-PAM |
| Imaging Area | 20 × 24 cm |
| Resolution | 1.2 MP (1000 × 1200 px with 2×2 binning |
| Pixel Size | 3.45 × 3.45 µm |
| LED Illumination | Pulsed Amplitude Modulation (PAM) with integrated Far-Red (FR) panel for Fo′ measurement |
| Cooling | Active thermal management for high-power LED arrays |
| Safety | Interlocked sliding door with automatic saturation pulse suppression |
| AOI Analysis | Region-of-interest selection pre- or post-acquisition |
| Data Export | Full parameter set exportable to Excel (.xlsx) |
| Compliance | Designed for GLP-compliant plant phenotyping workflows |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | JUNIOR-PAM |
| Measurement Light Source | Blue LED (465 nm), modulation frequency 5 or 100 Hz, standard intensity 0.1 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Actinic Light Source | Blue LED (465 nm), 25–1500 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Saturation Pulse | Blue LED (465 nm), up to 10,000 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ |
| Far-Red Light | LED (740 nm) |
| Detector | PIN photodiode with long-pass filter (λ > 710 nm), proprietary lock-in amplifier |
| Operating Temperature | −5 to +40 °C |
| Power Supply | USB-powered (5 V DC) |
| Dimensions | 115 × 65 × 30 mm |
| Weight | 200 g |
| Brand | Walz |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | M-IMAGING-PAM |
| Imaging Units | MAXI (11 × 15 cm), MINI (2.4 × 3.2 cm), MICROSCOPY (microscope-coupled) |
| Excitation Wavelengths | Blue (450–480 nm), Red (620–625 nm), GFP (480 nm), RGB (full-spectrum) |
| Compatible Sample Formats | Intact leaves, algal cultures, 96-well plates, 384-spot arrays, lichens, biological soil crusts, single cells |
| Key Parameters Imaged | Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, F, Fm′, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), NPQ, qN, qP, qL, ETR, Abs, NIR, Red, Inh, Ft |
| Compliance | Designed for GLP-compliant workflows |
| Software | ImagingWin v4.x with modular scripting (48 command types), AOI tools, heterogeneity analysis, time-series trend extraction, and Excel-exportable reports |
| Brand | WALZ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Germany |
| Model | MINI-PAM-II/Porometer |
| Sample Area | 1 cm diameter circular chamber |
| Flow Rate | 40–200 µmol s⁻¹ (9-step adjustable) |
| Humidity Sensor Accuracy | ±1.0–1.5 %RH, ΔT = ±0.1 ℃ |
| Pressure Sensor Accuracy | ±0.1 kPa |
| Leaf Temperature Sensor Accuracy | ±0.3 ℃ (emissivity adjustable 0.1–1.0) |
| Ambient CO₂ Sensor Accuracy | ±30 ppm + 3% of reading |
| Flowmeter Accuracy | ±1.5% RD + 0.15% F.S. |
| GPS Receiver Accuracy | 2.0 m CEP |
| PAR Sensor Range | 0–7000 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (cosine-corrected for ±30° incidence) |
| Operating Temperature | −5 to 45 ℃ |
| Relative Humidity Range | 0–90% RH (non-condensing) |
| Atmospheric Pressure Range | 30–110 kPa |
| Measured Parameters | gₛ, gₜ, g_b (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹), H₂Oᵢₙ / H₂Oₒᵤₜ / ΔH₂O (mmol mol⁻¹), leaf chamber pressure (kPa), Tₗₑₐf (℃), inlet/outlet flow rate (µmol s⁻¹), VPD (Pa/kPa), E (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹), PAR (µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), GPS coordinates, solar zenith angle |