Optical Measurement Instruments
Filter
Showing 2041–2070 of 3895 results
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TAIM |
| Application | Optical performance evaluation of thermal weapon sights and thermal imager clamps |
| Core Modules | DT120 test platform (image projection & analysis), Picatinny rail fixture, dual HEC high-resolution infrared cameras, AHEC adapter ring, YNAS10 angular adjustment stage, DPM diopter meter, AT720 optical bench |
| Max Tested Device Aperture | ≤120 mm |
| Measurement Capabilities | MRTD (Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference), diopter adjustment range & scale accuracy, eyepiece diopter calibration, focus-induced image shift (optional) |
| Compliance | Designed for ISO 12233-based spatial resolution protocols and ASTM E1213-22 for thermal imaging system characterization |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TCB |
| Aperture Options | 50×50 mm to 500×500 mm |
| Temperature Range (Standard) | −20 °C to +80 °C |
| Extended Ranges | EX (−30 °C to +100 °C), UEX (−35 °C to +130 °C), HT (+180 °C max), LT (−40 °C min) |
| Emissivity | 0.98 ± 0.005 (HE option: 0.99 ± 0.005) |
| Spatial Uniformity | < 0.01 °C or 0.4%· |
| Temperature Stability | ±2 mK |
| Total Uncertainty | 0.03 °C |
| Resolution | 1 mK |
| Warm-up/Cool-down Rates | 0.15–10 °C/s (model-dependent) |
| Stabilization Time | <30 s to <80 s |
| Control Interface | USB 2.0 |
| Power Supply | 115–230 VAC, 50/60 Hz |
| Operating Ambient | +5 °C to +45 °C (non-condensing) |
| Dimensions & Weight | 160×230×180 mm / 7.5 kg (TCB-2D) to 430×630×880 mm / 165 kg (TCB-20D) |
| Compliance | Designed for ISO/IEC 17025-accredited calibration labs |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TFEV |
| Type | Modular Blackbody-Based Calibration and Performance Verification System for Fever-Screening Thermal Cameras |
| Compliance | IEC 60601-2-59 (Ed. 2.0, 2017) |
| Primary Function | Quantitative verification of thermal sensitivity, spatial resolution (MRTD), minimum resolvable temperature difference, target size response, and measurement repeatability of infrared fever-screening systems |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | THP |
| Blackbody Emission Area | 200 mm to 1000 × 1000 mm |
| Spectral Range | 0.03–30 THz (0.01–10 mm) |
| Blackbody Temperature Range | +5 °C to +95 °C |
| Target Plate Dimensions | 250 × 250 mm to 1200 × 1200 mm |
| Target Set | 8-bar MRTD targets, 1 knife-edge MTF target, 1 square uniformity/noise target |
| Bar Widths | 2–50 mm |
| Target Emissivity | >0.95 |
| Image Acquisition Interfaces | Analog Video / CameraLink / GigE |
| Control Interface | USB 2.0 |
| Power Supply | 115–230 VAC, 50/60 Hz |
| Operating Temperature | +5 °C to +45 °C (non-condensing) |
| Storage Temperature | −10 °C to +60 °C |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TM-1000 |
| Thermocouple Types | Type N (Metal-Sheathed), Type S (Ceramic-Sheathed) |
| Temperature Range (Type N) | 100 °C to 1010 °C (short-term up to 1050 °C) |
| Temperature Range (Type S) | 600 °C to 1510 °C (short-term up to 1550 °C) |
| Resolution | 0.01 °C (10 mK) |
| Measurement Uncertainty | ±0.6 °C (≤250 °C, Type N), ±1.2 °C (≤750 °C, Type N), ±1.5 °C (≤1000 °C, Type N) |
| Temperature Units | °C, K, °F |
| Power Supply | 5 V DC via USB |
| Max. Power Consumption | 1 W |
| Connector | USB-B |
| Interface Standard | USB 2.0 |
| Communication Protocol | SCPI-compliant |
| Operating Environment | 10 °C to 40 °C (non-condensing), Storage: −10 °C to 60 °C |
| Controller Dimensions | 110 × 55 × 38 mm |
| Probe Dimensions (N) | Ø3 mm × 400 mm |
| (S) | Ø6 mm × 400 mm |
| Cable Length | 1.5 m |
| Weight | 400 g per set |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TM-6 |
| Temperature Range (TM-6L) | −50 °C to +180 °C |
| Temperature Range (TM-6M) | −50 °C to +550 °C |
| Channel Configuration | Single or Dual Channel |
| Sensor Type | PT-100 (100 Ω DIN Class A RTD) |
| Resolution | 0.001 °C |
| Measurement Uncertainty | ±0.006 °C (0 °C < T < 50 °C) |
| Display Refresh Time | 1–5 s (TM-6L), 5–10 s (TM-6M) |
| Power Supply | 230 V AC, 45–65 Hz, ≤20 W |
| Operating Ambient | +15 °C to +45 °C |
| Dimensions | 100 × 210 × 270 mm |
| Weight | 2 kg |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TRAL |
| Spectral Range | 400 nm – 14,000 nm (UV–VIS–NIR–SWIR–MWIR–LWIR) |
| Radiation Sources | HB Halogen Lamp (VIS–SWIR), BB1200 Micro Blackbody (MWIR–LWIR) |
| Monochromator | MGM250 Multi-Grating |
| Modulation | OM25 Optical Chopper |
| Filter Wheel | RW-EF (Edge Filters), RW-AT (Attenuators) |
| Reference Detectors | Spectrally Matched Set |
| Software-Controlled Automation | Full PC Integration with DICO Digital Oscilloscope & Custom Test Suite |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | TVT |
| Light Source | Adjustable multi-spectral halogen/LED source (2856K & >5000K) |
| Spectral Range | 400–1000 nm (calibrated) |
| Illuminance Range | 30 μlx – 30 klx (DN mode) |
| Optical Configurations | Off-axis reflective collimator (100/150/200 mm aperture), refractive collimators (70 mm max aperture) |
| Target Set | 6-position USAF 1951 (variable contrast), knife-edge, distortion, grayscale targets |
| Software Suite | DAL Control, SUB-V, TAS-V, Movis |
| Supported Interfaces | GigE Vision, Camera Link, LVDS, SDI, HDMI, USB 3.0, FireWire, Analog HD, CVBS, HD-CVI, HD-TVI, AHD, CoaXPress |
| Measurement Capabilities | MTF, MRC, resolution, distortion, FOV, sensitivity, SNR, NEI, FPN, non-uniformity, 1/f noise, 3D noise, NPSD, PVF, responsivity function, linearity, dynamic range, color fidelity, bad pixel mapping |
| Calibration Traceability | NIST-traceable spectral radiance and illuminance standards |
| Compliance | ISO 12233, ISO 15739, ISO 17850, ASTM E2823, MIL-STD-810G (optical test protocols), supports GLP/GMP audit trails per FDA 21 CFR Part 11 requirements |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | UHT-25D-1500 |
| Temperature Range | 200–1500 °C (short-term up to 1550 °C) |
| Aperture Diameter | 25 mm |
| Emissivity | >0.99 (0.2–100+ µm) |
| Temperature Resolution | 0.1 °C (<1000 °C), 1 °C (>1000 °C) |
| Temperature Uncertainty | ±(0.15 °C + 1 °C) |
| Short-term Stability | ±1 °C |
| Long-term Stability | ±2 °C |
| Uniformity at 800 °C | ±1.5 °C |
| Warm-up Time to 1500 °C | <2.5 h |
| Control Interface | RS-232 |
| Power Supply | 230 V AC |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | 109×39×47 cm |
| Weight | ~67 kg |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model | UVIC |
| Price Range | USD 105,000 – 132,000 (FOB Europe) |
| UV Channel Spectral Range | 250–275 nm |
| Visible Channel Spectral Range | 360–730 nm |
| UV Radiance Adjustment Range | 10⁻¹⁸ to 10⁻⁶ W/cm² |
| Visible Luminance Range | 0.1–300 cd/m² (≈0.3–1000 lx) |
| Target Types | Six circular apertures (Ø1.6–34 mm), four triangular targets (5–30 mm), six three-bar resolution charts (bar widths 1–5 mm), USAF 1951 visible chart (1–7.13 lp/mm), black circular reference target |
| UV Target Beam Diameter | 36 mm |
| Visible Target Aperture | 160 × 120 mm |
| System Weight | 12 kg |
| Dimensions (W×D×H) | 390 × 380 × 310 mm |
| Operating Temperature | 5–40 °C |
| Storage Temperature | −5–55 °C |
| Humidity | ≤95% RH (non-condensing) |
| Power Supply | AC 230/110 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz (DC 12 V optional) |
| Interface | RS-232 / USB 2.0 |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | UVIR |
| Spectral Range | 280 nm – 1700 nm |
| Optical Aperture Support | ≤100 mm (upgradable to 200 mm) |
| Light Source | XE150-A (manually adjustable, uncalibrated) or XE150-B (motorized, NIST-traceable radiometric calibration in cd/m² and W/m²) |
| Dynamic Range (Illumination) | >10⁴ (XE150-A), >10⁷ (XE150-B) |
| Collimator | CDT off-axis reflective telescope, f = 1000 mm, effective aperture = 100 mm (upgradable), FOV = 2.7°, resolution ≥100 lp/mrad, spectral coverage 0.28–15 µm |
| Target Wheel | MRW-8 motorized 8-position turret, 54 mm target diameter |
| Standard Targets | Five contrast-level USAF 1951 charts, FOV/distortion chart, knife-edge target |
| Software | TAS-A (UVIR-A), TAS-B (UVIR-B) — supports MTF, MRC, SNR, NEI, FPN, non-uniformity, responsivity, dynamic range, linearity, distortion, and field curvature analysis |
| Compliance | Designed for ISO 12233, ISO 15739, ISO 17850, ASTM E3062, and MIL-STD-150A test workflows |
| Interface Options | Analog video, Camera Link, GigE Vision, LVDS, HD-SDI, HDMI |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | VINIS |
| Light Source | LS-MAH Halogen Lamp (Uncalibrated, Manual Attenuation) |
| Optical Tube | CDT Series Off-Axis Reflective Collimator (Selectable Aperture & Focal Length) |
| Target Mount | Manual Target Holder (TAMAH Ring) |
| Compliance | Not NIST-traceable |
| Operating Temperature | +5°C to +35°C |
| Storage Temperature | −5°C to +55°C |
| Humidity | ≤90% RH (non-condensing) |
| Dimensions | 280 × 260 × 230 mm |
| Weight | 8 kg |
| Spectral Range | 400–2000 nm |
| Luminance Range | 60 mcd/m² to 6 kcd/m² (base configuration) |
| Dynamic Range | ≥10⁵ |
| Emission Profile | Lambertian (≤15° full angle) |
| Color Temperature | 2856 K (400–1100 nm) |
| Calibration Status | Uncalibrated (optional calibration add-ons available) |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | Visible Light Target |
| Target Type | Transmission-type USAF 1951 Resolution Target |
| Pattern | 3-Bar Group |
| Group Numbers | 0–7 (optional 0–8) |
| Spatial Frequency Range | 1–228 lp/mm (optional up to 456 lp/mm) |
| Contrast Ratio | 2% to 100% |
| Substrate | Soda-lime glass (quartz optional) |
| Coating | Chromium |
| Plate Dimensions | 23 × 23 mm |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | VIT |
| Power Supply | 230/110 VAC, 50/60 Hz |
| Max Power Consumption | <800 W |
| Operating Temperature | 10–40 °C |
| Dimensions (L×W×H) | ~163 × 63 × 73 cm |
| Weight | ~91 kg (excluding PC) |
| Modular Architecture | Dual-channel projection (radiometric + imaging), frame grabber suite, thermal/environmental chamber (optional), proprietary test software, optional CON module for bare-die sensor evaluation |
| Supported Sensor Types | Silicon-based VIS-NIR imagers, Black Silicon detectors, InGaAs SWIR focal plane arrays (FPAs) |
| Standardized Testing | EMVA 1288:2014 compliant measurements |
| Radiometric Parameters | Spectral responsivity (16 wavelengths), D*, QE, sensitivity, dynamic range, linearity, NEI, FPN, non-uniformity, SNR, dead/hot pixel count, 3D noise |
| Imaging Metrics | MTF, spatial resolution, minimum resolvable contrast (MRC), crosstalk, blooming, FOV |
| Calibration Traceability | NIST-traceable radiometric sources integrated per channel |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | VSB |
| Aperture Options | 50×50 mm, 100×100 mm, 150×150 mm |
| Emitter Temp. Range | −10 °C to +200 °C (at ambient < −33 °C) |
| Operating Ambient Temp. Range | −173 °C to −33 °C (optional upper limit: −28 °C) |
| Setpoint Resolution | 0.001 °C |
| Emissivity | 0.96 ± 0.01 |
| Temp. Uncertainty | ±0.07 °C or ±0.002 × (T − 25) °C |
| Spatial Uniformity | >97% (central ≥90% of aperture area) |
| Stabilization Time | <15 min (from ±1 K to ±0.1 K tolerance) |
| Heating Rate | >20 °C/min (VSB-2D/VSB-4D), >15 °C/min (VSB-6D) |
| Cooling Rate | >3 °C/min (VSB-2D/VSB-4D), >2 °C/min (VSB-6D) |
| Regulation Stability | ±0.01 °C |
| Interface | RS-485 |
| Max. Control Cable Length | 50 m |
| Power | 115–230 VAC, 50/60 Hz |
| Storage Temp. | −10 °C to +60 °C |
| Dimensions | 10×23×25 cm (VSB-2D), 15×27×35 cm (VSB-6D) |
| Brand | Inframet |
|---|---|
| Origin | Poland |
| Model | WAP1-11L |
| Spectral Range | 8–12 µm |
| FOV | 11° (circular) |
| Collimator Type | Transmissive, aspheric triplet |
| Aperture | 100 mm (66 mm optional for athermalized version) |
| Focal Length | 100 mm |
| Resolution | ≥5 lp/mrad |
| Blackbody Temperature Range | 0–100 °C |
| Temp. Control Resolution | 0.001 °C |
| Target Slider | Motorized TS3 |
| Target Set | Three 11° FOV targets (customizable) |
| Max. DUT Distance | ≤150 mm (recommended <30 mm under full FOV) |
| Operating Temperature | 15–30 °C (10–40 °C optional) |
| Weight | 12 kg |
| Brand | Infrared Associates |
|---|---|
| Origin | USA |
| Detector Type | Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) |
| Spectral Range | 1–25 µm |
| Cooling Options | Liquid Nitrogen (LN₂), Stirling Cryocooler, Thermoelectric (TE), or Uncooled Operation |
| Detector Formats | Single-Element, Quadrant Arrays, Dual-Band (InSb/HgCdTe), and Custom Linear/2D Arrays |
| Compliance | RoHS-compliant packaging |
| Interface | Standard BNC or SMA output |
| Origin | Germany |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Origin Category | Imported |
| Model Series | GaAs |
| Core Component | Semiconductor Laser Diode Chips & Modules |
| Typical CW Output Power | 250–500 mW (wavelength-dependent) |
| Wavelength Range | 900–1340 nm |
| Beam Divergence (FAFF) | 20°–32° (full angle, fast axis) |
| Origin | Germany |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Origin Category | Imported |
| Model | InnoSlab |
| Core Technology | Solid-State Diode-Pumped Slab Laser |
| Beam Shaping Capability | Customizable (Gaussian, 1D Top-Hat, 2D Square Top-Hat) |
| Wavelength Options | 1064 nm / 532 nm / 355 nm / 266 nm |
| Pulse Energy | Up to 60 mJ |
| Pulse Width | < 4 ns |
| Peak Power | Up to 7 MW |
| Repetition Rate | Up to 150 kHz |
| Average Output Power | Up to 600 W |
| Beam Quality | M² < 2.0 |
| Polarization Ratio | >100:1 |
| Energy Stability (RMS) | ≤4% |
| Beam Ellipticity (Far-Field) | <10% |
| Beam Diameter | 3 mm (nominal) |
| Divergence (Full Angle) | 225–500 µrad |
| Warm-up Time | 15–30 min |
| Brand | Integrated Optics |
|---|---|
| Wavelength | 1030 ± 2 nm |
| Average Output Power | 20 mW |
| Pulse Width | < 900 ps |
| Repetition Rate | < 100 Hz (pulse-on-demand), burst mode up to higher rates |
| Peak Power | > 300 kW |
| Pulse Energy | < 250 µJ |
| Spectral Bandwidth | < 1 nm |
| Beam Mode | TEM₀₀ |
| Pulse Stability | < 10% RMS |
| Operating Voltage | +5 V DC |
| Dimensions | 50 × 30 × 18 mm |
| Cooling | Integrated TEC |
| Compliance | RoHS, CE-marked for industrial OEM integration |
| Brand | Integrated Optics |
|---|---|
| Model | 0405L-1064L |
| Wavelength Range | 405–1064 nm |
| Output Type | Free-space / SM/PM/MM Fiber-Coupled |
| Linewidth | <1 pm (typ.) |
| SMSR | >60 dB |
| Power Stability (RMS, 8 h) | <2% |
| Intensity Noise (RMS, 20 Hz–20 MHz) | <1% |
| Beam Diameter (1/e²) | ~1 mm (DPSS) |
| Beam Divergence | <1.5 mrad (DPSS, except 532/785 nm @ 500 mW) |
| Beam Pointing Stability | <1 mrad/°C |
| Polarization Extinction Ratio (PM fiber) | >20 dB |
| Polarization Rotation | <5° |
| Operating Voltage | +5 V DC |
| Dimensions | 50 × 30 × 18 mm |
| TEC Cooling | Integrated |
| Safety Features | Over-temperature Protection |
| Modulation | TTL & Analog Input Compatible |
| Control Interface | Standardized 12-pin header |
| Fiber Connector | FC/APC (SM/PM), FC/PC (MM/SMA) |
| Brand | Integrated Optics |
|---|---|
| Model | 0405L–1342L |
| Wavelength Range | 405–1342 nm (discrete lines) |
| Output Type | Free-space, SM/PM/MM fiber-coupled |
| Dimensions | 50 × 30 × 18 mm |
| Power Supply | +5 V DC |
| Cooling | Integrated TEC |
| Power Stability (RMS, 8 h) | <1–2% |
| Intensity Noise (RMS, 20 Hz–20 MHz) | <0.6–3% |
| Spectral Bandwidth | <0.5–20 nm |
| Modulation | Analog & Digital TTL |
| Compliance | RoHS, CE |
| Brand | Integrated Optics |
|---|---|
| Model | 40A-48A-XXY-64A-11 |
| Dimensions | 50 × 30 × 18 mm |
| Output Options | Free-space or multimode fiber-coupled (105/200/400 µm core) |
| Wavelength Channels | Up to 4 (e.g., 405/488/520/638 nm) |
| Power Stability | <1% RMS (8 h) |
| Intensity Noise | <2% RMS (20 Hz–20 MHz) |
| Spectral Bandwidth | <1.5 nm (FWHM) |
| Spatial Mode | TEM₀₀ or top-hat-like multimode |
| Cooling | Integrated TEC |
| Control Interface | Digital & analog modulation, 5 V DC supply |
| Compliance | RoHS, CE |
| Brand | Integrated Optics |
|---|---|
| Model | 0515L-21C, 1030L-21C |
| Wavelength | 515 ± 0.2 nm / 1029.5 ± 0.5 nm |
| Pulse Width | <10 ns (0515L-21C), <10 ns (1030L-21C) |
| Repetition Rate | <35 kHz |
| Single-Pulse Energy | <25 µJ (0515L-21C), <35 µJ (1030L-21C) |
| Average Power | 150 mW (0515L-21C), 300 mW (1030L-21C) |
| Power Stability | <1% RMS (8 h) |
| Spectral Bandwidth | <1 pm (0515L-21C), <1 pm (1030L-21C) |
| Spatial Mode | TEM₀₀ |
| Operating Voltage | 5 V DC |
| Dimensions | 50 × 30 × 18 mm |
| Cooling | Integrated TEC |
| Modulation | Digital & Analog |
| Output Options | Free-space, SM/PM/MM fiber-coupled |
| Origin | USA |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Type | Distributor |
| Origin Category | Imported |
| Model | IPS |
| Pricing | Upon Request |
| Core Components | Semiconductor Laser Source & Integrated Packaging |
| Brand | IRISIOME |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | MANNY Series |
| Wavelength Options | 515/532/775/780 nm (VIS) or 1030/1064/1550/1560 nm (IR) |
| Pulse Width | 35 ps – several ns (adjustable) |
| Repetition Rate | 1 Hz – 2 GHz (with Burst mode) |
| Average Power | 10 mW – 20 W (model-dependent) |
| Spectral Width | <1 nm (FWHM) |
| Pulse Energy | >1 µJ |
| RMS Power Stability | <2% |
| Timing Jitter | <10 ps RMS |
| Polarization | Linear, >20 dB |
| Beam Quality | M² <1.3 (free-space output) or fiber-coupled |
| Cooling | Air-cooled |
| Brand | IRISIOME |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Model | SID Series |
| Wavelength Options | 515/532/775/780/1030/1064/1550/1560 nm |
| Average Output Power | 10 mW – 20 W |
| Pulse Width | 15–35 ps (FWHM) |
| Repetition Rate | 1 Hz – 2 GHz (continuous & burst mode) |
| Spectral Bandwidth | <1 nm (FWHM) |
| Pulse Energy | >1 µJ |
| Power Stability | <2% RMS |
| Timing Jitter | <10 ps RMS |
| Polarization | Linear, >20 dB |
| Beam Quality | M² <1.3 (free-space), fiber-coupled options available |
| Cooling | Air-cooled |
| Brand | Itioture |
|---|---|
| Origin | Taiwan |
| Manufacturer Type | OEM/ODM Producer |
| Model | XDRS-028 |
| Measurement Range (Salinity) | 0–28% w/w NaCl |
| Resolution | 0.1% |
| Accuracy | ±0.2% |
| Temperature Measurement Range | 0–40 °C |
| Temperature Accuracy | ±1 °C |
| ATC Range | 5–40 °C |
| Dimensions | 120 × 56 × 36 mm |
| Weight | 120 g |
| Display | Backlit LCD |
| Brand | iXblue |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Manufacturer Type | Authorized Distributor |
| Import Status | Imported |
| Model | LAZ-LAB-NIR |
| Wavelength Range | 780–1080 nm |
| Output Type | Continuous-wave (CW), fiber-coupled |
| Laser Chip | Monolithic DFB semiconductor (InGaAsP/InP) |
| Package | Compact OEM module with integrated TEC and photodiode monitor |
| Control Interface | USB and analog voltage inputs |
| Software | LAZ-CONTROL GUI (Windows/Linux) |
| Compliance | CE, RoHS, IEC 60825-1 Class 1 |
| Brand | Ixblue Photonics |
|---|---|
| Origin | France |
| Type | Single Longitudinal Mode (SLM) DFB Fiber Laser |
| Wavelength Range | 1530–1565 nm & ~2000 nm |
| Linewidth | <100 kHz (typ.) |
| Polarization | Linear (PER >20 dB) |
| SMSR | >50 dB |
| Output Power | >10 mW (standard), >10 µW (low-noise version) |
| Optical Feedback Immunity | High |
| WDM Compatibility | Yes |
| Phase Noise | Ultra-low intrinsic (suitable for interferometric sensing) |